Denier - Ralph Angouleme

One interesting fact about the Standard circulation coin Denier - Ralph (Angouleme) (923-936) from Kingdom of West Francia (Carolingian Empire) made of Billon weighing 1.55 g is that it was issued during a time of great economic and political change in Europe. The Carolingian Empire, which was established by Charlemagne in the 8th century, was in decline during Ralph's reign, and the coinage of the time reflects the economic and political instability of the period. The use of billon, a copper and silver alloy, was a common practice during this time, as it was a more affordable alternative to pure silver or gold coins. Despite the challenges of the time, the Denier remained a widely used coin throughout Western Europe and played an important role in facilitating trade and commerce.

• no banknote
• no exonumia