Antoninianus - Probus (Draped and cuirassed, right; CONCORD MILIT; Concordia) (276) front Antoninianus - Probus (Draped and cuirassed, right; CONCORD MILIT; Concordia) (276) back
Antoninianus - Probus (Draped and cuirassed, right; CONCORD MILIT; Concordia) (276) photo
© American Numismatic Society (ANS)

Antoninianus - Probus Draped and cuirassed, right; CONCORD MILIT; Concordia

276 year
Silver - -
Description
Issuer
Rome › Roman Empire (27 BC - 395 AD)
Emperor
Probus (Marcus Aurelius Probus) (276-282)
Type
Standard circulation coin
Year
276
Value
Antoninianus (1)
Currency
Antoninianus, Reform of Caracalla (AD 215 – 301)
Composition
Silver
Shape
Round (irregular)
Technique
Hammered
Orientation
Variable alignment ↺
Demonetized
Yes
Updated
2024-10-05
References
Numista
N#292680
Rarity index
91%

Reverse

Probus, standing right, clasping hands with Concordia, standing left.
Officina mark (P), value mark (XX) and mintmark (T) in exergue, sometimes star (✶) in field.

Script: Latin

Lettering: CONCORD MILIT

Unabridged legend: Concordia Militum.

Translation: Harmony with the soldiers.

Comment

RIC 332 was minted by the 1th officina (PXXT) of the Ticinum mint (PXXT). The XX stands for 20 parts alloy (instead of the more usual XXI for a copper to silver ratio of 20:1). The original RIC text mentions 4 variations/different bust types (bust types according to Pierre Bastiens grouping of bust types; see illustrated: probvs.net), and also two variants are known to exist:

  1. Radiate, draped and cuirassed, right (A2 bust, example: probuscoins.fr #332, Numista N# 292680);
  2. Radiate, cuirassed, right (B bust, example: probuscoins.fr #2426, Numista N# 293439);
  3. Radiate, wearing imperial mantle, left, holding sceptre surmounted by eagle in right hand (H2 bust, example: probuscoins.fr #332, Numista N# 293440);
  4. Radiate, cuirassed, left, with spear and shield, seen from back (F8 bust, example: probuscoins.fr #981, Numista N# 293441); 
  5. [var] Helmeted, radiate, cuirassed, left, holding spear in right hand and shield in left hand (E1 bust, example: probuscoins.fr #4689, not in Numista);
  6. [var] Helmeted, radiate, cuirassed, left, holding spear in right hand and shield in left hand, seen from back (E2 bust, example: Auction 130 Numismatik Naumann, lot 718, not in Numista).

According to Pink, RIC 332 – with its obverse lettering Nr. 1 (‘IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG’) combined with “CONCORD MILIT” and exergue mark PXXT – is part of the 2nd emission (year 276) and 3rd emission (277). See: Karl Pink, Der Aufbau der römischen Münzprägung in der Kaiserzeit VI/I, Wien, 1949, p. 48-49. According to Pink, the A2 and B bust were used during the 2nd emission sometimes combined with a star (✶) in field and during the 3rd emission only the H2 bust was used and the star (✶) was used this emission as well (and then only again in the 10th emission when RIC 332 was not minted). Although not listed by Pink, coins with the remaining busts (F8, E1 and E2) are also of the 3rd emission, because these busts were used in that 3rd emission and not at all during the 2nd emission.

Interesting fact

The Antoninianus - Probus coin was minted during the reign of Emperor Probus (276-282 AD), who was known for his military campaigns and agricultural reforms. The coin's design features a portrait of Probus on the obverse (front) side, and the goddess Concordia on the reverse (back) side. Concordia was the Roman goddess of harmony and unity, and her presence on the coin may have been intended to promote unity and cooperation among the Roman people during a time of political and economic instability.